In stalking cases, which of the following actions does NOT apply?

The correct answer is that following or surveilling another person on at least one occasion does not apply to the definition of stalking in this context. Stalking typically involves a pattern of behavior that creates persistent fear or emotional distress in the victim. While following or surveilling someone is often associated with stalking, it generally requires multiple incidents or specific actions over time to constitute the criminal behavior of stalking. This means that a single instance of following or surveilling does not meet the threshold for stalking, which must show a repeated course of conduct that influences the victim's emotional well-being and sense of safety.

On the other hand, the other options—causing emotional distress, transmitting threats, and causing the victim to fear for their safety—are integral components of stalking laws. They illustrate the impact of the stalker’s actions on the victim and demonstrate the nature of the harassment involved in a stalking situation. Consequently, the emphasis on a pattern of behavior rather than an isolated act is what makes the mentioned option not applicable to stalking.