What is a hearing before a judge to determine if there is probable cause called?

The correct term for a hearing before a judge to determine if there is probable cause is known as a preliminary examination. This process serves a crucial function in the criminal justice system, allowing a judge to assess whether enough evidence exists to continue with prosecution. During this examination, the prosecution is required to present evidence and witnesses to demonstrate that there is reasonable belief to proceed with charges against the defendant. The preliminary examination protects the rights of the defendant by ensuring that they are not tried without sufficient evidence.

In contrast, a coroner's inquest is an official inquiry into the cause of death, typically used when there are suspicions of foul play. A preliminary investigation is a broader term that can encompass various initial inquiries conducted by law enforcement before charges are filed but does not necessarily imply a judicial hearing. A grand jury is a separate mechanism used primarily to determine whether there is enough evidence for an indictment against a suspect but involves a group of citizens rather than a judge making an immediate determination of probable cause.