Which of the following is not an element of the offense of robbery?

To understand why being unlawfully present is not an element of robbery, it is important to clarify what constitutes the crime of robbery itself. Robbery typically involves the unlawful taking of property from another person through the use of force, intimidation, or threat. The key elements standardly include taking property, doing so by the use of force or threatening force, and taking it either from the person or in their immediate presence.

The element of unlawfully being present is more aligned with trespassing or burglary and does not specifically pertain to the definition of robbery. In the context of robbery, the focus is primarily on the act of taking property through coercive means and from the victim, regardless of the presence status of the perpetrator prior to the act. Therefore, the correct answer identifies that unlawfully being present is not critical to the definition of robbery.